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Guidelines for Transoesophageal Echocardiography (TOE) Training

The use of TOE is rapidly increasing all over Europe and quality assurance of the use is of vital importance for its use and recognition by our colleague surgeons and cardiologists and how it will benefit the patients. Exchange of ideas in an unformal way can be done here. National societies or training centres will be welcome to present views on training in the EACTA News.

The Italian Cardiac Anaesthesia Section

of The Italian Society of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care has made guidelined for TOE training, May 2000. They will be presented in a somewhat abbreviated form below.

Theoretical training and TOE courses

To conform to the Guidelines of the Italian Society, a TOE course must fulfill the following requirements
  • The course duration is at least three days and includes at least 20 hours of teaching

  • At least 30% of the teaching time must be dedicated to the imaging (live surgery or taperecorded pictures

  • An expert delegate from the Society should be present either as a member of the Faculty or as an observer.

  • The organiser should be endorsed by the Society.
A "Basic" course must include a detailed teaching of the following points:

  • Principles of physics of the ultrasounds - PW/CW Doppler - 2D Doppler - Color Doppler

  • Indications, contraindications and safety issues

  • Nomenclature and general principles of a TOE examination - the 20 basic cross-sectional views (according to the SCA indications)

  • Global and regional left ventricular systolic function

  • Left ventricular diastolic function

  • Mitral valve regurgitation: PW/CW Doppler, 2D and color Doppler

  • Mitral valve stenosis: PW/CW Doppler, 2D Doppler. Transmitral pressure gradient and valvular area assessment.

  • Aortic valve regurgitation: CW Doppler, 2D and color Doppler

  • Acute aortic dissection diagnosis

  • Aortic stenosis: CW and 2D Doppler

  • TOE in Intensive Care Unit
Other suggestable issues (mandatory for "Advanced" courses) are:
  • Tricuspid valve examination

  • Pulmonary valve evaluation

  • Severity degree assessment of mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation

  • Severity degree assessment of aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation

  • Prosthetic valve dysfunction

  • Intracardiac masses
Practical TOE training

After a theoretical course practical training is required. This training will give access to a 1st or a 2nd degree certification. The 1st degree certification is achieved after a practical training of at least 10 working days spent in an adequate centre (see the list at the end of the document), including at least 20 complete TOE examinations, and after a declaration of idoneity released by the Responsible for TOE training in the Centre.

The 1st degree certification requrirements are:
  1. Knowledge of the basic principles of a TOE examination (CW/PW Doppler, 2D Doppler, color doppler)

  2. Ability to perform a complete TOE examination and to recognise the anatomical structures

  3. Ability to recognise a normality pattern of anatomy and transvalvular flows

  4. Left ventricular systolic function assessment

  5. Ability to recognise the presence of aortic and mitral valve regurgitation
The 2nd degree certification requrirements are:
  1. All that is required for the 1st level

  2. Quantitative TOE: severity assessment of valvular stenosis/regurgitation Diastolic function assessment

  3. Regional contractility assessment

  4. Normal and pathologic flow patterns of valvular prostheses
Centres responsible for TOE training are Milan, Brescia, Padova, Mestre, Mercogliano and Teramo by the colleagues, Dr. Erminio Sisillo, Dr. Mario Merli, Dr. Marco Ranucci, Dr. Bruno Amari, Dr. Carlo Sorbara, Dr. Fabio Guarracino, Dr. Luca Lorini and Dr. Gianni Clementi

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